Dry Eye Syndrome
The name “dry eye” can be a little confusing since one of the most common symptoms is excessive watering! It makes more sense, though, when you learn that the eye makes two different types of tears.
The first type, called lubricating tears, is produced slowly and steadily throughout the day. Lubricating tears contain a precise balance of mucous, water, oil, nutrient proteins, and antibodies that nourish and protect the front surface of the eye.
The second type of tear called a reflex tear, does not have much lubricating value. Reflex tears serve as a kind of emergency response, flooding the eye when it is suddenly irritated or injured. Reflex tears might occur when you get something in your eye when you’re cutting onions, when you’re around smoke, or when you accidentally scratch your eye. The reflex tears gush out in such large quantities that the tear drainage system can’t handle them all and they spill out onto your cheek. Still another cause of reflex tearing is irritation of the eye from lack of lubricating tears. If your eye is not producing enough lubricating tears, you have dry eye.
Dry Eye Symptoms Include
- Watery eyes
- The feeling that there’s sand in your eyes
- Eyes that itch and burn
- Vision that becomes blurred after periods of reading, watching TV, or using a computer.
- Red, irritated eyes that produce a mucus discharge
If you are experiencing allergy-like symptoms; irritated, scratchy, burning, excessive watering, or feel as though something is in your eye, you may actually be suffering from dry eye. Dry eye is a condition in which there are insufficient tears to lubricate and nourish the eye.
What Causes Dry Eye?
- Age: As we get older glands in the eyelid produce less oil. The oil keeps tears from evaporating off the eye. Decreased oil production allows tears to evaporate too quickly, leaving the eye too dry.
- Diseases including diabetes, Sjogren’s and Parkinson’s
- Hormonal changes, especially after menopause
- Prescription medications: These include some high blood pressure medications, antihistamines, diuretics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety pills, sleeping pills and pain medications. Over-the-counter medications including some cold and allergy products, motion sickness remedies, and sleep aids can also cause dry eye.
- Hot, dry or windy conditions: High altitude, air-conditioning, and smoke can also cause dry eye.
- Reading, using a computer or watching TV
- Contact lenses
- Eye surgery: Some types of eye surgery, including LASIK, can aggravate dry eye.
- Inflammation: Recent research suggests that dry eye may be caused by inflammation due to an imbalance of “good” fats and “bad” fats
Treatments for Dry Eye
The most common treatment is the use of artificial teardrops that help make up for the lack of natural lubricating tears. Artificial tear products come in liquid form, longer lasting gel form and long-lasting ointment form, which is most often recommended for nighttime use. Many different brands of artificial tears are available over-the-counter. Some contain preservatives and some do not. Unpreserved tears may be recommended for people whose eyes are sensitive to preservatives. Artificial tears can generally be used as often as needed, from a few times per day to every few minutes. You should follow the regimen your doctor recommends.
Medications such as Restasis or Xiidra, twice-daily drop therapy, is making strides in helping patients with dry eyes.
When infection, inflammation of the eyelids, or clogged oil glands contribute to dry eye, special lid cleaning techniques or antibiotics may be recommended. It may also help to avoid hot, dry or windy environments or to humidify the air in your home or office.
Having the eyelid glands and compression of these glands can also keep our natural oils flowing in order to better lubricate the eyes.
Punctal occlusion via Punctal Plugs, is a medical treatment for dry eye that may enable your eyes to make better use of the lubricating tears they do produce for a longer period of time
Want to learn more about how we can help?
